MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS "Passive Voice"
1. 
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice is a type of sentence or
clause in which the subject receives the action of the verb. passive voice of the
verb used when the subject of the verb refers to the person or object that
receives the action as described verbs. Only verbs that take an object that can
be used as passive voice. Passive voice is more commonly used English than
other European languages such as German or French. Passive voice is used
extensively in official documents and papers.
Example:
Active
: They buy a food everyday
Passive
: A food is bought buy them
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According
to the example, the pattern of the passive vioce is
2.
WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE VOICE?
Sometimes the passive voice is the best
choice. Here are a few instances when the passive voice is quite useful.
- When the RECEIVER of
an action is the EMPHASIS
Example:
Look! A mermaid
is found by the fishermen!
What
is the main message of the sentence?
As the emphasis is on the
mermaid, we start the sentence with ‘A MERMAID’ to attract
readers’ attention to the receiver of the action.
b. When it is NOT NECESSARY to
mention the DOER of the action
Example:
I was born in August.
Is
it necessary to mention WHO gave birth to you?
(Who
else would it be if not your mom??!!)
As the doer of the action is understood,
we can omit it and start the sentence with the receiver of the action, i.e.‘I’.
- When the DOER of an
action is NOT KNOWN
Example:
Miss Leung’s diamond ring was stolen!!
Who
stole the ring?
We
do not know who stole the diamond ring. So,
the doer is not known. Instead of starting the
sentence with ‘somebody’, i.e., ‘Somebody stole Miss Leung’s diamond ring’, we
can omit the doer of the action and start the sentence with the receiver of the
action, i.e., ‘Miss Leung’s diamond ring’.
3.
STRUCTURE OF PASSIVE VERBS
Syntactic Structure
ACTIVE
----------------------- PASSIVE
e.g. eats
----------------------- is eaten
i.e. verb ----------------------- be + p.p./ V3
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Note:
“be” is changed according to
l
the tense of the sentence
l
the number (singular/plural) of the subject of
the
sentence.
Indicative Mood formation
of Passive Voice
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||
Tense
|
Auxiliary
|
Bentuk
Verba
|
Simple
Present
|
am/is/are
|
past
participle
|
Present
Continuous
|
am/is/are
being
|
past
participle
|
Present
Perfect
|
have/has
been
|
past
participle
|
Present
Perfect Continuous**
|
have/
has been being
|
past
participle
|
Simple
Past
|
was/were
|
past
participle
|
Past
Continuous
|
was/were
being
|
past
participle
|
Past
Perfect
|
had
been
|
past
participle
|
Past
Perfect Continuous**
|
had
been being
|
past
participle
|
Simple
Future
|
will
(shall) be*
|
past
participle
|
Future
Continuous**
|
will
(shall) be being
|
past
participle
|
Note:
* Other auxiliaries capital form as will and
shall conjunctions.
** Present perfect continuous, past perfect
continuous, future continuous, future perfect and continuous tenses of the
passive voice complicated and rarely used. Only the simplest form tenses of the
passive voice will be discussed.
Examples of
passive voice sentences:
1. Passive Voice [Simple Present Tense]
-Pattern = Subject + to be + V3
Example :
A : She bring the book everyday
P : The book is brough by her
2. Passive Voice [Present Continous Tense]
-Pattern = Subject + to be + being + V3
Example :
A : He is driving the car yesterday
B : The car is being driven by him yesterday
3. Passive Voice [Present Perfect Tense]
-Pattern = Subject + have/has + been + V3
Example :
A : We have done our homework
B : Our homework have been done by us
4. Passive Voice [Simple Past Tense]
-Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) + V3
Example :
A : I watered the flowers yesterday
B : The flowers were watered by me
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